—-Criminal offenses in California are divided into categories based on severity, with felonies representing the most serious crimes. Understanding how felonies differ from misdemeanors, what penalties apply, and where specific offenses fall can help clarify what someone may be facing after an arrest. This guide provides a clear list of felonies, along with examples of felonies, penalties, and a comparison to misdemeanors under California law.
What Is a Felony in California?
A felony in California is a criminal offense punishable by more than one year in state prison or, in some cases, by death. Felonies are considered more serious than misdemeanors and typically involve significant harm, violence, large financial loss, or threats to public safety.
California also recognizes a category called “wobblers.” These are offenses that prosecutors can charge as either a felony or a misdemeanor depending on the facts of the case, the defendant’s criminal history, and aggravating circumstances. How an offense is charged can dramatically affect sentencing and long-term consequences.
List of Felonies in California
Below is a general list of felonies commonly charged in California. This is not exhaustive, but it reflects many of the most frequently prosecuted felony offenses:
- Murder and manslaughter
- Rape and other felony sexual offenses
- Robbery
- Kidnapping
- Felony domestic violence
- Felony assault with a deadly weapon
- Arson
- Burglary (residential burglary in particular)
- Grand theft
- Identity theft
- Felony fraud and embezzlement
- Drug trafficking and drug sales
- Felony DUI causing injury or death
- Weapons offenses (such as possession of prohibited firearms)
- Criminal threats charged as felonies
Each of these offenses carries different elements, sentencing ranges, and potential enhancements.
Examples of Felonies
Looking at examples of felonies can help illustrate how everyday situations may escalate into serious criminal charges:
- Breaking into an occupied home with intent to steal may result in felony burglary charges
- Using force or fear to take property from another person constitutes robbery
- Selling or transporting controlled substances beyond personal-use amounts may be charged as a felony
- Causing serious bodily injury during a fight using a weapon can lead to felony assault charges
- Driving under the influence and causing severe injury to another person may be prosecuted as a felony DUI
Many felony cases arise from a combination of conduct and circumstances, such as prior convictions, the presence of a weapon, or the extent of harm caused.
Felony Penalties & Charges
Felony penalties in California vary widely depending on the offense and how it is charged. Common consequences include:
- State prison sentences ranging from 16 months to life imprisonment
- Significant fines, sometimes exceeding $10,000
- Formal probation following incarceration
- Mandatory restitution to victims
- Loss of firearm rights
- Immigration consequences for non-citizens
Certain felonies are classified as “strikes” under California’s Three Strikes Law. A strike conviction can greatly increase sentencing exposure for future felony convictions, making even nonviolent offenses far more serious later on.
What Are Misdemeanors in California?
Misdemeanors are less serious criminal offenses than felonies. In California, a misdemeanor is typically punishable by up to one year in county jail, fines, probation, or alternative sentencing such as community service.
While misdemeanors are less severe, they are still criminal convictions and can have lasting effects on employment, professional licensing, and background checks. Some offenses that begin as misdemeanors may later be charged as felonies if aggravating factors are present.
Examples of Misdemeanors
Common examples of misdemeanor offenses include:
- Simple assault or battery without serious injury
- Petty theft involving low-value property
- First-time DUI without injuries
- Disorderly conduct
- Trespassing
- Vandalism causing minor damage
- Driving with a suspended license
Many misdemeanor cases involve conduct that is nonviolent or causes limited harm, but repeated offenses can lead to enhanced penalties.
List of Misdemeanors in California
Below is a general list of misdemeanors frequently charged in California courts:
- Petty theft
- Simple assault
- Simple battery
- DUI (first offense, no injuries)
- Drug possession for personal use
- Public intoxication
- Prostitution-related offenses
- Resisting or obstructing an officer
- Reckless driving
- Minor vandalism
As with felonies, this list is not exhaustive, and many offenses may be charged differently depending on the facts.
Misdemeanor Penalties & Charges
Misdemeanor penalties are generally less severe than felony penalties but can still be significant. Possible consequences include:
- Up to one year in county jail
- Fines and court fees
- Summary probation
- Mandatory classes or counseling
- Community service
In some cases, a misdemeanor conviction can be reduced, dismissed, or expunged, depending on eligibility and compliance with court orders.
Felony vs. Misdemeanor: Key Differences
The distinction between a felony and a misdemeanor goes beyond jail time.
- Felonies carry harsher sentences, longer probation periods, and more severe collateral consequences. A felony conviction can result in loss of civil rights, including the right to own firearms, and may permanently affect career opportunities.
- Misdemeanors, while serious, generally allow for greater sentencing flexibility and more opportunities for diversion, reduction, or dismissal.
- Wobbler offenses sit in the middle, giving prosecutors and courts discretion based on the circumstances.
Understanding whether a charge is a felony, misdemeanor, or wobbler is one of the most important aspects of any criminal case.
Another important difference lies in how these convictions appear on background checks and affect future opportunities.
- Felony convictions are typically more visible to employers, landlords, and licensing boards, and they may permanently restrict certain rights. Misdemeanors, while still serious, often carry fewer long-term barriers and may be easier to seal or expunge under California law.
- In addition, felony cases usually involve more complex court procedures, longer probation terms, and stricter sentencing rules.
Understanding these practical differences is essential when evaluating legal options and defense strategies.
Call for Defense
If you are facing charges and are unsure how they are classified, reviewing a list of felonies or examples of felonies is only the first step. The outcome of a case often depends on how charges are filed, what defenses are available, and whether a felony can be reduced or dismissed.
An experienced criminal defense attorney can analyze the charges, challenge the evidence, and work to protect your rights. Early legal guidance can make a critical difference in minimizing penalties, avoiding a felony conviction, and preserving your future.
